Drills Engine Anatomy

The electrically powered motor of a power drill, cooled by a fan, turns a shaft at high speed. The shaft connects,in turn, to a system of gears that rotates a chuck even faster. Clamped by the chuck, a sharp bit cuts out the hole, and at the same time the bit's screw-shaped grooves channel the waste out of the hole. For drilling hard materials, many power drills have a hammer mechanism: when this is operated a ratchet in the gearcase causes the chuck and bit to pound in and out as they drill. A hand drill, although slower and less forceful than a power drill, is easier to control. For cutting wide holes, carpenters often prefer a brace-and-bit. This acts like a lever: the bowed handle than the bit, turning the bit with extra force.

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Toaster Anatomy

Most electric toasters not only grill slices of bread, they also pop them up when ready. While the slices rest on a spring loaded rack, electric heating elements toast the bread. "Toaster Anatomy"At the same time, a bimetallic strip heats and expands. One of the two metals in this strip expands more quickly than the other, causing the strip to curve. As it bends, it completes an electrical circuit and activates an electromagnet. The magnet attracts a catch, releasing the spring that holds the rack down in the toaster. The elements switch off, and the toasted slices pop up.

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Aircraft Anatomy

Flight has fascinated mankind for centuries, and countless unsuccessful flying machines have been designed. The first successful flight was made by the French Montgolfier brothers in 1783,when they flew a balloon over Paris. The next major advance was the development of gliders,notably by the Englishman Sir George Cayley,who in 1845 designed the first glider to make a sustained flight.The American Glenn Curtiss also achieved several firsts in his Model-D pusher and its variants,most notably winning the world's first competition for airspeed at Reims in 1909.

Now See The Anatomy.......
                                                       Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Model 6

Model 7

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Modern Airplne Engine Anatomy

Piston engine totaly are used mainly to power the vast numbers of light aircraft and microlights,as well as crop-sprayers and crop-dusters, small helicopters,and fire-bombers(which dump water on larg fires). Virtually all heavier aircraft are now powered by jet engines. Modern piston aero-engine work on the same basic principles as the engine used by the wright brothers in the first powered flight in 1903. However , today's engines are more sophisticated than earlier engines. For example modern aero-engines may be use a two-stroke or a four-stroke combustion cycle; they may have from one to nine air-or water-cooled cylinders,which may be arranged horizontally,in-line, in V formation,or propeller either directly or through a reduction gearbox.One of the more unconventional types of modern aero-engine is the rotary engine shown here,which has a trilobate (three-sided) rotor spinning in a chamber shaped like a fat figure-of-eight.

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                                                           Engine 1

Engine 2

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Car Bodywork

The body of a modern mass-produced car is build on the monocoque (single-shell) principle,in which the roof ,side panels,and floor are welded into a single integral unit.This bodyshell protects and supports the car's internal parts.Steel and glass are used to construct the bodyshell,creating a unit that is both light and strong.It's lightness helps to conserve energy,while its strength protects the occupants.Modern bodywork is designed with the aid of computers,which are used to predict factors such as aerodynamic efficiency and impact-resistance.High-technilogy is also employed on the production line,where robots are used to assemble,weld,and paint the body.
   
 Now See The Picture
                                                         Picture 1

Picture2

Picture 3

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Alternative Car Engines Anatomy

The most common type of alternative engine is the diesel engine, which instead of igniting the compressed fuel/air mixture with a spark,uses compression alone,heating the mixture to the point where it explodes.A diesel engine's fule consumption is low in comparison with similarly sized piston engines,despite its heavier,reinforced moving parts and cylinder block.Another type of engine is the rotary-combustion,first successfully developed by Felix Wankel in the 1950.It;s two trilobate (three-sided) rotors revolve in housings shaped in a fat figure-of-eight.The four sequences of the four-stroke cycle,which occur consecutively in a piston engine,occur simultaneously in a rotary engine,producing power in a continuous stream.

                                                              Now See The Picture
Engine 1

Engine 2

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Motorcycle Engines Anatomy

Motorcycle Engines must be light-weight and compact,and have a good power output.They have between one and six cylinders ,can be cooled by air or water,and the capacity of the combustion chamber varies from 49cc (cubic centimetres) to 1500cc.Two types of internal combustion engine are common ; the four-stroke,which is used in cars (see pp.342-343),and the two-stroke.A basic two-stroke engine has only three moving parts-the crankshaft,the connecting rod,and the piston-but the power output is high.The engine fires every two stroke (see p.343).Power is conveyed from the engine to the rear wheel by the transmission system .This usually consists of a clutch,a gearbox,and a final drive system.Clutches are multiplate devices,which run in oil.Gearboxes have five or six speeds and are operated by foot pedal.Shaft and belt drive systems are used in some cases,but chain drive to the rear wheel is most common.
     
                     Now see the Picture

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Bicycle Anatomy

The bicycle is a two-wheeled,light-weight machine,which is propelled by human power.It is a efficient,cheap,easily manufactured,and one of the world's most popular forms of transport.The first pedal-driven bicycle was built in Scotland in 1839.Since then the basic design-of a frame,wheels,brakes,handlebars,and saddle-has been gradully improved,with the addition of a chain,gear system,and pneumatic tyres (tyres inflated with air).The recent invention of the mountain bike (all-terrain bike) has been an important development.With its strong ,rugged frame,wide tyres,and 21 gears,a mountain bike enables riders to reach rough and hilly areas that were previously inaccessible to cyclists.

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